Ratio Working Paper No. 350: A quickly transforming labour market

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has made it clear that the labour market situation can change
extremely rapidly when there is an unexpected exogenous shock to the economy. Even
though the transformation of the labour market as a result of the development of ICT
(Information Communication Technology) industries facilitates more-flexible
conditions, it is now more important than ever for EU Member States to improve the
functioning of their labour markets. Member States need to increase possibilities for
training and retraining throughout peoples’ working lives in order to smooth the
transformation into a digital world of work.

Public Choice and Statecraft in the Euro Crisis

Article (without peer review)Publication

Karlson, N.

Publication year

2021

Published in

The Library of Economics and Liberty

Från fri konkurrens till sund konkurrens på EU:s inre marknad

ReportsPublication

Karlson, N. & Herold, T.

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Publication year

2021

Published in

Arbetsmarknadsprogrammet

Abstract

Denna studie har som syfte att analysera huruvida regleringen av den Europeiska unionens inre marknad har förändrats genom en ökad användning och omtolkning av vad som kallats sund konkurrens, eller fair competition, och om detta har skett på bekostnad av fri konkurrens inom EU:s lagstiftning och dokument från EU:s ledande institutioner. Vi har empiriskt undersökt förändringen genom en kvantitativ kartläggning av närmare 14 000 offentliga handlingar från EU:s centrala institutioner under de senaste 50 åren, nämligen år 1970 till 2019.
Vår slutsats är att den grundläggande principen för medlemsländernas gemensamma politik inom EU har förskjutits från fri konkurrens och en öppen marknadsekonomi till ”sund konkurrens” i meningen rättvis eller jämlik konkurrens, eller jämlik spelplan, i officiella EU-dokument som fördrag, rättsakter från EU-institutionerna, förberedande dokument som rör EU-direktiv och rekommendationer däribland motioner och resolutioner, rättspraxis med mera.
Drivande i denna utveckling har EU-kommissionen varit, åtföljd efter en kortare eftersläpning av Europaparlamentet och därefter av Ministerrådet. EU-domstolen har dock i huvudsak stått vid sidan av den beskrivna utvecklingen.
Detta medför en risk för att den inre marknadens dynamik och därmed EU:s konkurrenskraft kommer att försvagas. Förändringen innebär även en centralisering av beslut till EU-nivå på medlemsstaternas bekostnad.

Nyckelord: Europeiska unionen, EU, fri konkurrens, sund konkurrens, rättvis konkurrens, jämlik spelplan

Ratio Working Paper No. 341: Recruitment of scarce competences to rural regions: Policies to promote recruitment

Working paperPublication

Nyström, K.

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Publication year

2020

Published in

Ratio Working Paper

Abstract

This paper studies the perceived difficulty of recruiting scarce competences to rural regions. Furthermore, the role of policy in facilitating and enhancing recruitment to and better skills matching in rural regions is discussed. Based on a survey targeted to the business sections in Swedish municipalities, the results show that recruitment is perceived to be difficult in both rural and non-rural regions. However, recruitment problems in the public sector are more pronounced in rural municipalities. Nevertheless, recruitment to the public and business sectors are perceived to be equally difficult in rural regions. Both rural municipalities and non-rural municipalities state that the difficulty of recruiting the right skills results in a lack of skills matching and constitutes an obstacle to growth. Which policies can help remedy recruitment problems in rural regions? The pecuniary incentive of writing off student debt is perceived to be the most promising policy, but respondents also believe that non-pecuniary support such as relocation support for accompanying persons and tandem recruitment should be implemented to a greater extent. Finally, the need for flexibility and policies that can be adapted to the regional demand for labour are stressed. This regards for example the adaption of education programmes to local needs and rules and regulations.

Ratio Working Paper No. 350

Abstract

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