Automatiseringen och jobben då och nu
PublikationArtikel (utan peer review)
Grafström, J. (2020). Automatiseringen och jobben då och nu. Ekonomisk Debatt, 2019(2), 81-84.
Grafström, J. (2020). Automatiseringen och jobben då och nu. Ekonomisk Debatt, 2019(2), 81-84.
2020
This study investigates the relationship between mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and entrepreneurial spawning in labour-intensive service sectors. We discuss two sets of theoretical mechanisms. First, M&As may push employees into entrepreneurship by lowering the average barriers of leaving the current employment (i.e. being associated with general deterioration of working conditions). Second, M&A activities may generate new entrepreneurial opportunities, which are first and foremost accessible by employees directly affected by M&As. Results on entrepreneurial spawning in 3,198 Swedish firms during the time period 2000–2009 confirm that the number of firms spawned from a specific incumbent increases following an M&A. Push-oriented factors are found to contribute to this effect, but a dominating part of the total effect remains in the presence of proxies for push-effects. This suggests that pull-oriented explanations of opportunity creation in the wake of M&As constitute an important avenue for further research on the antecedents of new firm formation.
2019
Många länder erbjuder exportkreditgarantier där staten mot en premie utfäster sig att betala exportören om den utländska kunden inte gör det. Vi beskriver det svenska systemet under Exportkreditnämnden, med fokus på små- och medelstora företag, och undersöker effekterna av sådana garantier på företags export, sysselsättning och förädlingsvärde. Vi finner att garantierna påverkar såväl inträde i export som värdet på exporten positivt. Vi noterar att effekterna är mycket heterogena över olika typer av företag och utfallsvariabler, där de mindre företagens export underlättas avsevärt mer än de stora företagens. För vissa företag och transaktioner ser vi även effekter på jobb och förädlingsvärde. Vi avslutar med att diskutera policyimplikationer.
2019
Arbetsmarknadsprogrammet
This report deals with the significance of the principle of proportionality in the strike law of Germany and the EU. As far as German law is concerned, the legal basis and content of the principle of proportionality will first be outlined, and then the importance of the principle for labour law in general. The main issue, however, is the role played by the principle of proportionality in industrial action law. There the Federal Labour Court has meanwhile raised the principle to the central yardstick for the assessment of industrial action measures. The relevant decisions will be presented, but also the considerable criticism of these will not be concealed. Subsequently, EU law will come to the fore, whereby the legal basis, the content and the scope of application of the principle of proportionality will be dealt first. On that basis, the application of the principle in industrial action law will be examined. In that context, the focus will be in the decisions of the European Court of Justice in the cases Laval and Viking. The following section is then devoted to the comparison of German and European law. The author here demonstrates that there are considerable differences in the application of the principle of proportionality.