Working Paper. No 310: Crowding out or Knowledge Spillovers: The Wind Power Industry´s Effect on Related Energy Machinery

Sammanfattning

There is a risk that if a government adopts a R&D spending policy directed towards wind power technology crowding out of other technologies might occur due to fiscal constraints and changes in relative prices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a backward-looking analysis of how the accumulation of wind energy patents and public R&D spending affected the domestic and neighboring country output of granted patents in the “related energy machinery field”. The econometric analysis, a Poisson fixed-effects estimator based on the Hausman, Hall and Griliches (1984) method, relies on a data set consisting of eight countries in Western Europe with the highest rates of patent production in the field of wind power between 1978 and 2008. The results show that an accumulation of a national wind power stock is a statistically significant negative determinant of a country’s related energy machinery patenting outcomes. However, no crowding out effects of public R&D spending were found.

Government support to renewable energy R&D: drivers and strategic interactions among EU Member States

Artikel (med peer review)Publikation

Grafström, J., Söderholm, P., Gawel, E., Lehmann, P., & Strunz, S.

Publiceringsår

2023

Publicerat i

Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 32(1), 1-24.

Sammanfattning

Although the climate challenge requires proactive policies that spur innovation in the renewable energy sector, various countries commit vastly different levels of support for renewable energy R&D. This paper addresses the question why this may be the case. Specifically, the objective is to analyse the determinants of government support to renewable energy R&D in the European Union (EU), and, in doing this, we devote particular attention to the question of whether the level of this support tends to converge or diverge across EU Member States. The investigation relies on a data set of 12 EU Member States and a bias-corrected dynamic panel data estimator. We test for the presence of conditional β-convergence, and the impacts of energy dependence and electricity regulation on government R&D efforts. The findings display divergence in terms of government support to renewable energy R&D, and this result is robust across various model specifications and key assumptions. The analysis also indicates that countries with a low energy-import dependence and deregulated electricity markets tend to experience lower growth rates in government renewable energy R&D. The paper ends by discussing some implications of the results, primarily from an EU perspective.

The article can be accessed here.

Det gröna teknikundret.

BokkapitelPublikation

Grafström, J.

Publiceringsår

2022

Publicerat i

Gustafsson, E. (Red.). Grön Kapitalism. Timbro.

Sammanfattning

Är kapitalismen en orsak till klimat- och miljö- problemen? Eller kan fria marknader tvärtom vara en del av lösningen? Klimatförändringar och miljöförstöring hör till vår tids ödesfrågor. Men vilken roll spelar egentligen staten och kapitalet i klimatomställningen? På vilket sätt kan äganderätt rädda haven? Hur kan genmodifierade grödor öka vår motståndskraft mot klimatförändringar? Och hur kommer det sig att frihandel kan vara grönare än närproducerat?

I Grön kapitalism besvaras dessa och många andra frågor av några av Sveriges främsta opinionsbildare, näringslivsföreträdare och forskare. Tillsammans visar de hur innovation, teknik, fria marknader och träff säker politik kan minska såväl klimatutsläpp som annan miljöförstöring – utan att mänsklighetens framsteg hindras. Med texter av Joakim Broman, Runar Brännlund, Jonas Grafström, Ellen Gustafsson, Edvard Hollertz, Payam Moula, PM Nilsson, Johan Norberg, Maria Sunér och Mattias Svensson.

Du hittar boken här.

No evidence of counteracting policy effects on European solar power invention and diffusion

Artikel (med peer review)Publikation

Grafström, J., & Poudineh, R.

Publiceringsår

2023

Publicerat i

Energy Policy, 172, 113319.

Sammanfattning

In this paper, the questions of how support policies affect invention and diffusion of solar PV technology and whether the effect is heterogeneous and counteracting are investigated in order to help policy makers produce a better policy mix. The policies (and policy proxies) investigated are Feed-in-tariffs (FITs), Public R&D stock and flow, Environmental tax, and Environmental Policy Stringency Index. The policies are within the control of national government and no EU level policies are investigated. Evaluating policies on several dimensions is highly important since there is a risk that policies can promote one aspect of technological progress such as invention but derail diffusion. A Schumpeterian technological development approach is utilised on a panel dataset covering 23 European countries between 2000 and 2019. Two econometric approaches are employed, a negative binomial regression model is used to assess inventions and a panel data fixed effect regression is used for the diffusion model. The empirical findings suggest that no counteracting policy effects were present.

Working Paper. No 310: Crowding out or Knowledge Spillovers: The Wind Power Industry´s Effect on Related Energy Machinery

jg_Crowding_out_or_knowledge_spillovers_310

Sammanfattning

Liknande innehåll

Government support to renewable energy R&D: drivers and strategic interactions among EU Member States

Det gröna teknikundret.

No evidence of counteracting policy effects on European solar power invention and diffusion