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Working Paper No. 72. Reciprocitet i marknad och politik

PublikationWorking paper
Företagandets villkor, Reciprocitet
Working Paper No. 72.
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Sammanfattning

Utgångspunkten för artikeln är en analys av reciprocitetens etiska och psykologiska kärna. Därefter diskuteras denna princips betydelse och utveckling i det moderna samhället. Marknadens utbyte är ur etiskt synpunkt att se som en form av reciprocitet; den sker simultant istället för i sekvens. En del marknadstransaktioner är personliga och momentana, men det förekommer också en hel del av den lojalitet och kontinuitet som förknippas med sekventiell reciprocitet. Detta indikeras av att företag ofta tillskrivs goodwillvärden. I staten har reciprocitet traditionellt hyllats som princip, men respekteras till lägre grad i praktiken. Den moderna staten introducerar två förändringar. Den framväxande paternalismen i välfärdsstaten är en utmaning mot liberal individualism, men inte nödvändigtvis mot reciprocitet. Ett centralt moraliskt skifte sker dock med en omfördelningsideologi där ¹distributiv rättvisa¹ blir något som är avskilt från personens bidrag. Det band mellan plikt och rättighet som förespråkades också av socialister försvagas nu och ersätts av en behovsprincip. Detta är en utveckling som det är motiverat att uppmärksamma och ifrågasätta.

Tullberg, J. (2005). Reciprocitet i marknad och politik. Ratio Working Paper No. 72.


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