En politik för 150 000 nya företag och 500 000 nya jobb
Karlson, N. (2006). En politik för 150 000 nya företag och 500 000 nya jobb. Rapport till Svenskt Näringslivs Kris- och framtidskommission.
Karlson, N. (2006). En politik för 150 000 nya företag och 500 000 nya jobb. Rapport till Svenskt Näringslivs Kris- och framtidskommission.
Sveriges Akilleshäl är oförmågan att skapa nya jobb. Att en dryg miljon människor i arbetsför ålder vare sig arbetar eller studerar på heltid, enligt SCBs statistik i januari 2006, visar att svensk ekonomi – trots goda resultat i övrigt – inte fungerar som den borde. Under en lång följd av år doldes detta genom en ökning av antalet anställda inom den offentliga, skattefinansierade sektorn. Huvudskälet till avsaknaden av nya riktiga jobb är brister i det svenska företagsklimatet. För att kunna skapa 500 000 nya jobb på fem år krävs fler företag och fler företag som vill anställa. Enligt de beräkningar som redovisas nedan behövs uppemot 150 000 nya företag. Det innebär en fördubbling av antalet nya företag varje år. Alternativt skulle de redan existerande företagen behöva öka antalet sysselsatta med närmare 30 procent.
Karlson, N.
2006
2022
Ratio Working Paper
This paper investigates whether an increased use and reinterpretation of what has been called “fair competition” has occurred at the expense of “free competition” among the central institutions of the European Union. We are also interested in assessing how frequently these terms have been used by the various EU institutions over time.
We have empirically examined this through a quantitative survey of more than 12,000 public documents, out of totally 242 000 documents containing 630 million words, in the EUR-lex database over the last 50 years, from 1970 to 2020. Our conclusion is that the emphasis of the common policies in the EU is likely to have shifted from free competition and an open market economy to “fair competition” in the sense of a level playing field, in official EU documents, such as treaties, EU acts institutions, preparatory documents relating to EU directives and recommendations including motions and resolutions, case law and more.
The European Commission has been a driving force in this development, followed closely by the European Parliament and subsequently by the Council of Ministers. This change entails a risk that the regulation of the European internal market has shifted so that the dynamics of the internal market and thus the EU’s competitiveness will weaken. The change also entails a centralization of decisions at EU level at the expense of the Member States.
2021
Ratio Working Paper
The Covid-19 pandemic has made it clear that the labour market situation can change
extremely rapidly when there is an unexpected exogenous shock to the economy. Even
though the transformation of the labour market as a result of the development of ICT
(Information Communication Technology) industries facilitates more-flexible
conditions, it is now more important than ever for EU Member States to improve the
functioning of their labour markets. Member States need to increase possibilities for
training and retraining throughout peoples’ working lives in order to smooth the
transformation into a digital world of work.
2021
Energies, 14(14), 4269.
The purpose of this paper is to establish if Marshallian and Jacobian knowledge spillovers affect job creation in the green energy sector. Whether these two effects exist is important for the number of jobs created in related fields and jobs pushed away in other sectors. In the analysis, the production efficiency, in terms of jobs and job spillovers, from inventions in solar, wind and energy efficiency, is explored through data envelopment analysis (DEA), based on the Malmquist productivity index, and tobit regression. A panel dataset of American and European firms over the period of 2002–2017 is used. The contribution to the literature is to show the role of the spillovers from the same technology sector (Marshallian externalities), and of the spillovers from more diversified activity (Jacobian externalities). Since previous empirical evidence concerning the innovation effects on the production efficiency is yet weak, the paper attempts to bridge this gap. The empirical findings suggest negative Marshallian externalities, while Jacobian externalities have no statistical impact on the job creation process. The findings are of strategic importance for governments who are developing industrial strategies for renewable energy.
Aldieri, L., Grafström, J., & Vinci, C. P. (2021). The Effect of Marshallian and Jacobian Knowledge Spillovers on Jobs in the Solar, Wind and Energy Efficiency Sector. Energies, 14(14), 4269.