Marknad och moral – en antologi

PublicationBook

Daniel Klein, Deirdre McCloskey, Dygder, Företagandets villkor, Marknadsekonomi, Moral, Niclas Berggren

Abstract

Book in Swedish. Translated title: Markets and Morality

Trots marknadsekonomins välståndshöjande förmåga finns hos många ett tvivel på att marknadsekonomin också är moraliskt godtagbar. Men vad säger forskningen egentligen? Finns det incitament och mekanismer i ett fritt näringsliv som leder till ett moraliskt agerande och hur kan de i så fall förstärkas? Vilken effekt har förändrad lagstiftning?

I Marknad och moral – en antologi presenterar fyra världsledande forskare sin syn på hur marknader kan – och inte kan – betraktas som moraliska. Steven Shavell analyserar hur lagar och moraluppfattningar på ett kompletterande sätt ger människor incitament att agera på ett sätt som också gynnar samhället i stort. Viktor Vanberg diskuterar hur marknader påverkas av det institutionella ramverk, den lagstiftning, som omger dem. Daniel Klein tar upp frågan om företag tenderar att bedra sina kunder eller om marknader snarare stimulerar mekanismer som säkerställer god kvalitet och säkerhet. Deirdre McCloskey, till sist, argumenterar för att ekonomisk verksamhet (och analys) behöver ett vidgat perspektiv: från egenintresse och rationalitet till att också omfatta dygder och rentav kärlek.

Ett genomgående budskap är att marknader i hög grad får sin karaktär och genererar konsekvenser beroende på hur de formella och informella lagar och regler som inramar marknadsekonomin ser ut. När dessa konsekvenser är gynnsamma för de allra flesta är också marknaden moraliskt godtagbar.

Antologin Marknad och moral är skriven inom Ratios forskningsprojekt Marknad, moral, tillit och tillväxt.

Berggren, N. (Eds.) (2008). Marknad och moral – en antologi. Stockholm. Ratio.

Redaktör för boken är docent Niclas Berggren, Ratio. Steven Shavell är professor i rättsekonomi vid Harvard University. Viktor Vanberg är professor i nationalekonomi vid Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Daniel Klein är professor i nationalekonomi vid George Mason University. Deirdre McCloskey är professor i nationalekonomi, historia, engelska och kommunikation vid University of Illinois at Chicago.

The openness of open innovation in ecosystems

Article (with peer review)Publication

Öberg, C., & Alexander, A.

Publiceringsår

2019

Published in

Journal of Innovation & Knowledge

Abstract

Open innovation has rendered increased interest both in practice and research, and has expanded from dyadic transfers of ideas, to ecosystem levels. Knowledge is at the heart of open innovation, and this paper describes and discusses knowledge-transfer linkages for open innovation. It does so based on a literature review. The paper links together open innovation research with general management research to categorise and discuss linkages among parties in terms of their openness and how they relate to knowledge management. Conclusions indicate that openness needs to be considered in different dimensions that also links to different knowledge management outcomes. The paper’s contribution consists of how it connects open innovation research to the general management literature, and how it builds a practical understanding of how linkages between firms can be categorised to aid firms to consider which mechanisms they may choose and why.

A revised perspective on innovation policy for renewal of mature economies – Historical evidence from finance and telecommunications in Sweden 1980–1990

Article (with peer review)Publication

Eriksson, K., Ernkvist, M., Laurell, C., Moodysson, J., Nykvist, R. & Sandström, C.

Publiceringsår

2019

Published in

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

Abstract

What is the role of innovation policy for accomplishing renewal of mature industries in Western economies? Drawing upon an unusually rich dataset spanning 9752 digitized archival documents, we categorize and code decisions taken by policymakers on several levels while also mapping and quantifying the strategic activities of both entrant firms and incumbent monopolists over a decade. Our data concerns two empirical cases from Sweden during the time period 1980–1990: the financial sector and the telecommunications sector. In both industries, a combination of technological and institutional upheaval came into motion during this time period which in turn fueled the revitalization of the Swedish economy in the subsequent decades. Our findings show that Swedish policymakers in both cases consistently acted in order to promote the emergence of more competition and de novo entrant firms at the expense of established monopolies. The paper quantifies and documents this process while also highlighting several enabling conditions. In conclusion, the results indicate that successful innovation policy in mature economies is largely a matter of strategically dealing with resourceful vested interest groups, alignment of expectations, and removing resistance to industrial renewal.

Municipally Owned Enterprises as Danger Zones for Corruption? How Politicians Having Feet in Two Camps May Undermine Conditions for Accountability

Article (with peer review)Publication

Bergh, A., Erlingsson, G., Gustafsson, A. & Wittberg, E.

Publiceringsår

2019

Published in

Public Integrity

Abstract

The market-inspired reforms of New Public Management have been particularly pronounced in Swedish local government. Notably, municipally owned enterprises (MOEs) have rapidly grown in numbers. Principal-agent theory gives rise to the hypothesis that the massive introduction of MOEs has impacted negatively on the conditions for accountability in Swedish local government. To study this, social network analysis was employed in mapping networks for 223 MOEs in 11 strategically chosen municipalities, covering a total of 732 politicians. The analysis reveals substantial overlaps between principals (representatives of the ultimate stakeholders, citizens) and agents (the boards of the MOEs). Hence, corporatization of public services seems to imply worrisome entanglements between the politicians who are set to steer, govern, and oversee MOEs on the one hand, and the board members of MOEs on the other. The increasing numbers of MOEs may therefore have adverse effects on accountability in important and growing parts of Swedish local government.

Abstract

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