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PublicationArticle (without peer review)

Public Choice and Statecraft in the Euro Crisis

Abstract

Karlson, N. (2021). Public Choice and Statecraft in the Euro Crisis.The Library of Economics and Liberty.

Details

Author
Karlson, N.
Publication year
2021
Published in

The Library of Economics and Liberty

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  • Professor, Founder and former CEO

    Nils Karlson

    +46708670351nils.karlson@ratio.se

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Article (with peer review)

Reviewing the EU policy nexus of energy efficiency and social policy

Nordensvard, J., Björklund, M., von Malmborg, F., La Fleur, L., Skogsmo, E., & Gamez, D. H. B.
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Publication year

2025

Published in

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Abstract

This paper aims to analyse how the European Union (EU) energy policy has merged social policy concepts with energy efficiency policy. Energy efficiency has increasingly become understood through social policy concepts such as energy poverty, energy inequality, and lack of cohesion. Previous research has shown how the social aspects of energy efficiency have been highlighted by the European Commission when discussing the multiple benefits of increased energy efficiency efforts, such as building renovations.

Using a mixed-method approach with material from the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament, we review energy policy from a social policy perspective. The analysis is conducted in two steps. First, we identify which EU institutions acted as agenda-setters in introducing the social aspects of energy efficiency. Second, we describe and analyse the framing process through which social concepts are merged with energy policy.

The study combines qualitative and quantitative analyses of EU policy documents. A set of key words is used in the quantitative analysis to explore the links between social policy and energy policy.

We conclude that social aspects were first connected to the energy policy field by the European Parliament. This connection was later reinforced by the European Commission through the inclusion of social policy elements, particularly in policies addressing the transition to energy efficiency and zero-carbon buildings, where concepts such as energy poverty have become central.

Working paper

Ratio Working Paper No. 350: A quickly transforming labour market

Uddén Sonnegård, E.
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Publication year

2021

Published in

Ratio Working Paper

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has made it clear that the labour market situation can change
extremely rapidly when there is an unexpected exogenous shock to the economy. Even
though the transformation of the labour market as a result of the development of ICT
(Information Communication Technology) industries facilitates more-flexible
conditions, it is now more important than ever for EU Member States to improve the
functioning of their labour markets. Member States need to increase possibilities for
training and retraining throughout peoples’ working lives in order to smooth the
transformation into a digital world of work.

Reports

Från fri konkurrens till sund konkurrens på EU:s inre marknad

Karlson, N. & Herold, T.
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Publication year

2021

Published in

Arbetsmarknadsprogrammet

Abstract

Denna studie har som syfte att analysera huruvida regleringen av den Europeiska unionens inre marknad har förändrats genom en ökad användning och omtolkning av vad som kallats sund konkurrens, eller fair competition, och om detta har skett på bekostnad av fri konkurrens inom EU:s lagstiftning och dokument från EU:s ledande institutioner. Vi har empiriskt undersökt förändringen genom en kvantitativ kartläggning av närmare 14 000 offentliga handlingar från EU:s centrala institutioner under de senaste 50 åren, nämligen år 1970 till 2019.
Vår slutsats är att den grundläggande principen för medlemsländernas gemensamma politik inom EU har förskjutits från fri konkurrens och en öppen marknadsekonomi till ”sund konkurrens” i meningen rättvis eller jämlik konkurrens, eller jämlik spelplan, i officiella EU-dokument som fördrag, rättsakter från EU-institutionerna, förberedande dokument som rör EU-direktiv och rekommendationer däribland motioner och resolutioner, rättspraxis med mera.
Drivande i denna utveckling har EU-kommissionen varit, åtföljd efter en kortare eftersläpning av Europaparlamentet och därefter av Ministerrådet. EU-domstolen har dock i huvudsak stått vid sidan av den beskrivna utvecklingen.
Detta medför en risk för att den inre marknadens dynamik och därmed EU:s konkurrenskraft kommer att försvagas. Förändringen innebär även en centralisering av beslut till EU-nivå på medlemsstaternas bekostnad.

Nyckelord: Europeiska unionen, EU, fri konkurrens, sund konkurrens, rättvis konkurrens, jämlik spelplan

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