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Absolute income mobility and the effect of parent generation inequality: An extended decomposition approach
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No evidence of counteracting policy effects on European solar power invention and diffusion
Grafström, J., & Poudineh, R.
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About

  • About us

    • About
    • Contact us

  • Media

    • News archive

  • Cooperations

    • Eli F. Heckscher Lectures

Research

  • Areas

    • Labour Market Research
    • Competitiveness Research
    • Climate and Environmental Research

  • Ongoing research

    • Working Paper Series
  • People

    • Publications

    • Publications

      • Publications

    Styrkor och svagheter inom den svenska miljötekniksektorn

    PublicationReports
    Christian Sandström, Företagandets villkor, Innovation, Jonas Grafström, Miljöekonomi, Nationalekonomi
    Rapport svenska miljöföretag
    Download

    Abstract

    Den svenska miljöenergisektorn har under 2000-talet varit snabbväxande men är ändå en relativt liten bransch i det svenska näringslivet. Företagen har ofta varit små och inte utvecklats till medelstora företag. Enligt siffror från Vinnova, hade Sverige bara ett stort och tolv medelstora gröna energiföretag år 2011. Det finns ett antal styrkor och svagheter i den svenska miljöenergisektorn som denna rapport har identifierat. Dessa presenteras kort i punktform nedan och mer utförligt senare i rapporten.

    Hur en industri kan växa upp och utvecklas kring en ny teknologi är en komplex fråga. Tidigare studier visar att industriutveckling och teknikspridning är beroende av hela innovationssystemet, inte bara av t.ex. forskningsfinansiering eller ett enskilt företags utvecklingsinsatser. Sverige har en bra grund för en växande miljöenergibransch men mycket återstår att göra.

    Rapportens syfte är att besvara frågan om varför det finns så få medelstora (51-249 medarbetare) miljöföretag i Sverige. Rapporten syftar också till att identifiera styrkor och svagheter i den svenska miljöenergisektorn. Den svensk miljötekniksektor analyseras med utgångspunkt i de tre teknikutvecklingsstadierna uppfinning, innovation och spridning.

    Grafström, J. (2015). Styrkor och svagheter inom den svenska miljötekniksektorn. Rapport 24 november. Stockholm: Ratio.

    Details

    Author

    Grafström, J.

    Publication year

    2015

    Related

    Jonas Grafström
    Ph.D. and vice CEO

    +46703475854

    jonas.grafstrom@ratio.se

    Similar content

    Working Paper No. 387 Time as a Structural Barrier for a Circular Economy
    Working paperPublication
    Jonas Grafström
    Download
    Publication year

    2025

    Published in

    Ratio Working Paper Series.

    Abstract

    Circular economy debates often acknowledge material lifespans and delays, but time is usually treated as a contextual issue rather than a structural barrier. The contribution is to reframe circular economy transitions as intertemporal processes by treating time as an endogenous structural barrier. A framework is developed that classifies goods into short-, medium-, and long-lived categories, demonstrating how lagged inflows and valuation biases suppress aggregate circularity even when technology improves. By making temporal mechanisms explicit, the analysis explains why indicators remain stagnant despite policy and efficiency gains. The contribution is to introduce time as an endogenous barrier, integrating insights from environmental and resource economics into circular economy theory and showing how delayed substitution shapes both firm investment and policy outcomes.

    Working Paper No. 385 The workload paradox: Will AIreduce academic labor?
    Working paperPublication
    Jonas Grafström
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    Publication year

    2025

    Published in

    Ratio Working Paper Series.

    Abstract

    Artificial intelligence is reshaping academia, but instead of liberating scholars, AI might keep them running faster just to stay in place. This paper theoretically explores how AI increases institutional expectations rather than reducing workload. Using a formal workload model, the study examines how automation affects academic tasks, revealing that while AI streamlines some processes, it also creates new responsibilities in research, publishing, and administration. A case study illustrates how scholars experience rising pressures to verify AI-generated work, adapt to changing publication norms, and meet intensifying institutional demands. The findings suggest that AI’s role in academia is not one only of simplification, but acceleration—a race where efficiency gains are quickly absorbed, where the pursuit of academic excellence becomes ever more demanding, and where scholars must continuously push forward, not to advance, but merely to avoid falling behind.

    Working Paper No. 384 Vertical industrial policy: principles, practice and potential
    Working paperPublication
    Jonas Grafström
    Download
    Publication year

    2025

    Published in

    Ratio Working Paper Series.

    Abstract

    This report investigates the rationale, implementation challenges, and evolving global context of vertical industrial policy, with a particular focus on Sweden. Against the backdrop of recent global crises—including the 2008 financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and geopolitical disruptions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine—the analysis explores how governments have re-evaluated the role of state intervention to bolster economic resilience and strategic autonomy. The report distinguishes between horizontal and vertical approaches, where vertical policy targets specific sectors or technologies considered critical for national development, such as green technology, semiconductors, and renewable energy. Drawing on economic theory and empirical evidence, the report outlines the key justifications for vertical industrial policy, including market failures, coordination problems, and the under-provision of public goods. It also addresses the limitations and risks associated with such policies, including information asymmetries, rent-seeking, and political capture. A central contribution is a decision-making framework designed to help policymakers assess when vertical industrial intervention may be justified and how it can be designed to minimize inefficiencies and unintended consequences. While the report takes a cautiously critical stance toward vertical industrial policy, it acknowledges its potential when implemented with clear objectives, regular evaluations, and institutional safeguards. The analysis highlights the need for a balanced and flexible approach, especially in the context of green transitions and geopolitical fragmentation.

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