Ratio Working Paper No. 309: Förutsättningar för storskaligt infångande av koldioxid.

Abstract

Syftet med denna översiktsrapport är att ge en nulägesbild av möjligheterna till storskalig reducering av koldioxidutsläpp och atmosfäriska koldioxidkoncentrationer genom olika former av NET (Negative Emission Technologies). Enligt 2014 års basscenario från IPCC för maximalt 2°C uppvärming måste de globala koldioxidutsläppen börja minska kraftigt i närtid samt att olika former av NET tas i bruk senast under åren 2030–2045. NETs kritiska roll för måluppfyllnad kan ses i IPCCs scenariodatabas. Utav de 113 scenarier associerade med utfall under 2°C förutsätter 107 av dessa en framgångsrik implementering och storskaligt upptagande av koldioxid både ur själva atmosfären och direkt från olika typer av utsläppskällor. Vår övergripande slutsats är att utifrån nuläget på den tekniska utvecklingen kommer 2 graders målet svårligen uppnås. För att nå måluppfyllnad behövs en kontinuerlig minskning av absoluta utsläpp, att en marknad skapas för koldioxid och en betydligt snabbare utvecklingstakt vad gäller NET, exempelvis genom ökat statligt R&D.

Ratio Working Paper No. 358: Native Population Turnover & Emerging Segregation: The Role of Amenities, Crime and Housing

Working paperPublication

Korpi, M., Halvarsson, D., Öner, Ö., A.V. Clark, W., Mihaescu, O., Östh, J. & Bäckman, O.

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Publication year

2022

Published in

Ratio Working Paper.

Abstract

Using geo-coded full-population grid-level data for the three largest metropolitan areas in Sweden, 1993-2016, this paper i) estimates the level and pace of ethnic segregation, ii) examines possible tipping points in this development, and iii) gauges the importance of several mitigating or exacerbating factors (such as the mix of housing area tenure type, different types of amenities, and crime). We use OLS and 2SLS to estimate outcomes at two different geographic levels; 250 x 250 square meter grids and SAMS areas (roughly equivalent to US census tracts), respectively. On average, we find that for every 1 percentage point increase in immigration, native growth is reduced by around -0.3 percentage points. Crime levels exacerbate developments and factors such as housing area tenure-type mix and access to various amenities slows it down, but only marginally so. Using repeated and single random sampling for cross-validation, and the twin common methodological approaches as suggested in the literature, we estimate possible tipping points in these segregation developments. In contrast to most other studies in the literature, none of our potential tipping points are however statistically significant when probing their relevance in explaining factual population developments, suggesting a rather more continuous – albeit steeply so – segregation process rather than a structural brake. In terms of tipping point methodology, our main findings are that fixed-point estimation is less robust than R-square maximization for small geographical units, and that the former consistently selects for lower tipping-point candidates than the latter.

Absolute income mobility and the effect of parent generation inequality: An extended decomposition approach

Article (with peer review)Publication

Liss, E., Korpi, M., & Wennberg, K.

Publication year

2023

Published in

European Economic Review, 152, 104359.

Abstract

We use full-population data to study trends in intergenerational absolute income mobility, measured as the ratio of children earning more than their parents, for 11 Swedish cohorts born 1972-1983. Absolute mobility during this period increases from 72% to 84% for men and from 76% to 86% for women-higher figures than in most other countries studied. To explain these results, we outline a novel decomposition strategy that accounts for cohort variation in parent-generation income inequality. All else equal, if income inequality is higher in the parent generation, more economic growth is required to achieve any given level of absolute mobility. We discuss implications for comparative research in intergenerational income mobility.

No evidence of counteracting policy effects on European solar power invention and diffusion

Article (with peer review)Publication

Grafström, J., & Poudineh, R.

Publication year

2022

Published in

Energy Policy, 172, 113319.

Abstract

In this paper, the questions of how support policies affect invention and diffusion of solar PV technology and whether the effect is heterogeneous and counteracting are investigated in order to help policy makers produce a better policy mix. The policies (and policy proxies) investigated are Feed-in-tariffs (FITs), Public R&D stock and flow, Environmental tax, and Environmental Policy Stringency Index. The policies are within the control of national government and no EU level policies are investigated. Evaluating policies on several dimensions is highly important since there is a risk that policies can promote one aspect of technological progress such as invention but derail diffusion. A Schumpeterian technological development approach is utilised on a panel dataset covering 23 European countries between 2000 and 2019. Two econometric approaches are employed, a negative binomial regression model is used to assess inventions and a panel data fixed effect regression is used for the diffusion model. The empirical findings suggest that no counteracting policy effects were present.

Ratio Working Paper No. 309

Abstract

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