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PublikationWorking paper

Ratio Working Paper No. 393: What is an AI Worker? Evidence from Matched Vacancy-Hires

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Sammanfattning

Trots ett växande politiskt intresse för att utveckla AI-kompetens vet vi förvånansvärt lite om vad som kännetecknar arbetstagare som utvecklar och använder AI, eller om de skiljer sig från andra i samma yrken. Studien kopplar svenska platsannonser till de personer som anställts för tjänsterna med hjälp av registerdata för hela befolkningen. Hög kognitiv förmåga, högre utbildning inom STEM-ämnen och en nylig migrationsbakgrund förklarar till stor del vilka yrken AI-arbetstagare återfinns i. Inom samma yrke är det däremot främst högre utbildning, tidigare AI-erfarenhet och naturvetenskaplig examen som skiljer dem från andra. AI-arbetstagare tjänar omkring fem procent mer än sina yrkeskollegor, en skillnad som helt förklaras av lönenivån på företagen där de arbetar. Personer med doktorsexamen sticker ut tydligare både i egenskaper och inkomster. Resultaten pekar på två grupper med olika kompetens och arbetsuppgifter: bredare AI-integratörer, vars tillgång kan öka genom utbildning inom STEM, och mer specialiserade AI-utvecklare, som i högre grad rekryteras bland forskare som går till privat sektor.

Hellsten, M. (2026). What is an AI Worker? Evidence from Matched Vacancy-Hires. Ratio Working Paper No. 393.

Detaljer

Författare
Hellsten, M.
Publiceringsår
2026
Publicerat i

Ratio Working Paper Series.

Relaterat

  • Bild av Mark Hellsten, medarbetare på Ratio
    Associerad forskare

    Mark Hellsten

    mark.hellsten@uni-tuebingen.de
Engelska flaggan ikonIn English

Liknande innehåll

Artikel (med peer review)

Artificial intelligence, tasks, skills and wages: Worker-level evidence from Germany

Engberg, E., Koch, M., Lodefalk, M., & Schroeder, S.
Ladda ner

Publiceringsår

2025

Publicerat i

Research Policy

Sammanfattning

As a first step, the study documents novel evidence on changes in tasks and skills within occupations in Germany over the past two decades. It further identifies a distinct relationship between ex ante occupational work content and ex post exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and automation through robots. Workers in occupations with high AI exposure perform different activities and face different skill requirements than workers in occupations primarily exposed to robots, suggesting that AI and robots substitute for different types of tasks and skills. The study also shows that changes in the task and skill content of occupations are related to their initial exposure to these technologies. Finally, using individual labour market biographies, the analysis investigates the relationship between AI exposure and wages. By examining the dynamic effects of AI exposure over time, the study finds positive associations with wages, with nuanced differences across occupational groups, thereby providing further insight into the substitutability and augmentability of AI.

Working paper

Working Paper No. 386 The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Jobs: Evidence from an AI subsidy Program.

Mark Hellsten, Shantanu Khanna, Magnus Lodefalk, Yaroslav Yakymovych
Ladda ner

Publiceringsår

2025

Publicerat i

Ratio Working Paper Series.

Sammanfattning

Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to reshape labor markets, yet causal evidence remains scarce. We exploit a novel Swedish subsidy program that encouraged small and mid-sized firms to adopt AI. Using a synthetic difference-in-differences design comparing awarded and non-awarded firms, we find that AI subsidies led to a sustained increase in job postings over five years, but with no statistically detectable change in employment. This pattern reflects hiring signals concentrated in AI occupations and white-collar roles. Our findings align with task-based models of automation, in which AI adoption reconfigures work and spurs demand for new skills, but hiring frictions and the need for complementary investments delay workforce expansion.

Artikel (med peer review)

Artificial intelligence, hiring and employment: job postings evidence from Sweden

Engberg, E., Hellsten, M., Javed, F., Lodefalk, M., Sabolová, R., Schroeder, S., & Tang, A

Publiceringsår

2025

Publicerat i

 Applied Economics Letters

Sammanfattning

This paper investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on hiring and employment, using the universe of job postings published by the Swedish Public Employment Service from 2014 to 2022 and full-population administrative data for Sweden. We exploit a detailed measure of AI exposure according to occupational content and find that establishments exposed to AI are more likely to hire AI workers. Survey data further indicate that AI exposure aligns with greater use of AI services. Importantly, rather than displacing non-AI workers, AI exposure is positively associated with increased hiring for both AI and non-AI roles. In the absence of substantial productivity gains that might account for this increase, we interpret the positive link between AI exposure and non-AI hiring as evidence that establishments are using AI to augment existing roles and expand task capabilities, rather than to replace non-AI workers.

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