Financing future job creators
Wennberg, K. & Elmoznino Laufer, M. (2014). Financing future job creators. Rapport oktober 2014. Stockholm: Ratio and Företagarna.
Wennberg, K. & Elmoznino Laufer, M. (2014). Financing future job creators. Rapport oktober 2014. Stockholm: Ratio and Företagarna.
Research has shown that young businesses with growth ambitions are important for job creation and innovation. A major obstacle to economic growth is the lack of financing for young firms.The Ratio Institute and the Swedish Federation of Business Owners have conducted a study to outline the financial sources of young and small businesses in Sweden and to investigate the challenges for financing the firms.
We use a sample of 380 limited liability firms in Sweden that are members of the Swedish Federation of Business Owners. The majority of the firms were founded 2010-2013. For our sample, the results show that the majority of the firms (87 %) use personal savings to finance their firms, while 28 % use bank loans which is the second most common type of finance. However, many of the firms that were approved bank loans report that they had to use personal assets as collateral and personal guarantees to back up their loans. Also, many entrepreneurs took a temporary employment elsewhere and didn’t take out any salary at some time.
Our results suggest that economic policies should focus on measures that improve personal wealth accumulation. The results give further support to the findings of recent studies that have been conducted in Sweden that personal wealth accumulation is important and that it is difficult to obtain bank loans for young businesses.
Wennberg, K. & Elmoznino Laufer, M.
2014
Financing of Innovations
2023
Working Paper No. 368.
This paper reviews theoretical rationales for mission-oriented innovation policy and provides an empirical overview of extant 28 papers and 49 cases on the topic. We synthetize varieties of mission formulations, actors involved, and characteristics of missions described as more or less failed or successful. 59 percent of the studied missions are still ongoing, 33 percent are considered successful and 8 percent as failures. 67 percent of the studied missions have taken place in Europe, 24 percent in North America and 8 percent in Asia. The majority of innovation projects referred to as missions do not fulfill the criteria defined by the OECD. Results suggest that missions related to technological or agricultural innovations are more often successful than broader types of missions aimed at social or ecological challenges. Challenges regarding the governance and evaluation of missions remain unresolved in the literature. We find no case that contains a cost-benefit analysis or takes opportunity cost into account.
2023
Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19153-4_1
This chapter serves as an introduction to the volume Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World: Socioeconomic Opportunities and Challenges and is a broad and selected overview of the socioeconomic field of international migration and integration as we knew it before the Covid-19 pandemic. It sets the stage for exploring how the critical event of the virus impacted and may continue to impact our understanding of diverse macro-, meso-, and micro-level challenges and opportunities in migration and integration. The chapter motivates the purpose of the volume, as well as the structure of the 15 chapters and their individual contributions ranging from migration over time, transnationalism, migration policies and implementation, the role of trade unions and civil society actors, country-of-origin sector sorting and required skills, along with immigrant discrimination and vaccine hesitancy among migrant groups.
2023
Provides a multidisciplinary perspective on migration. Contains empirical discussions that can inform policy discussions. Explores the changes to migration brought about from the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access.