Labour market discrimination: method and measurement
Ahmed, A., & Hammarstedt, M. (2023). Labour market discrimination: method and measurement.Edward Elgar Publishing.
Ahmed, A., & Hammarstedt, M. (2023). Labour market discrimination: method and measurement.Edward Elgar Publishing.
The development of methods for detecting labour market discrimination is characterized by a shift from observational data to different forms of experimental data. At the same time, there has been a shift from examining differences in treatment of groups of employees to differences in hiring.
Observational data are associated with omitted variable problems. Field experiments in the form of audit and correspondence studies give better control of what is observed by both employers and the researcher. A limitation is that they can typically be employed only for certain types of (low-skill, early career) jobs and the initial (call-back) stage of the hiring process. Another is that employers’ beliefs cannot be controlled for. Natural and lab experiments can address some of these concerns. Most studies are not able to distinguish theories of between taste-based and statistical discrimination.
The book chapter can be read here.
Ahmed, A., & Hammarstedt, M.
2023
Edward Elgar Publishing.
2023
In Phoumin, H., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., & Kimura, F. (Eds.). Green Finance and Renewable Energy in ASEAN and East Asia. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
While numerous empirical papers have investigated the volatility dynamics of Chinese clean energy equity markets, this is among the first studies to assess the impact of climate uncertainty on the risk levels of such assets. Given that China is extensively investing in green projects to achieve carbon neutrality, this strand of research offers important implications for investors and policymakers. Methodologically, we employ the GARCH-MIDAS model to examine the effect of the climate policy uncertainty (CPU) index on the volatility levels of the Chinese clean energy exchange-traded fund (ETF). We compare the effects of the CPU index with leading uncertainty indicators, including the crude oil volatility index, geopolitical risk, and technology sector volatility. The in-sample and out-of-sample analyses show that CPU has significant predictive contents for forecasting the volatility of renewable energy ETF and that the GARCH-MIDAS-CPU process outperforms other approaches. These results offer key implications for policymakers and socially responsible investors.
2023
Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World: Socioeconomic Opportunities and Challenges (pp. 291–314).
Ethnic discrimination is common in labor and housing markets. It leads to lower wages and higher unemployment for ethnic minorities, to segregation in the labor market, and to residential segregation. Several studies show that the Covid-19 pandemic increased the extent of ethnic discrimination. The prejudice against hiring migrants may have increased because people from countries where the epidemic started or from countries with a lower vaccination coverage were blamed for the spread. It may also have increased in the cases where the Covid-19 pandemic led to higher unemployment making it less costly for employers to discriminate.
2023
Edward Elgar Publishing.
To what extent are differences in employment and earnings of persons with different ethnic background or race than the majority population due to discrimination? Differences between ethnic groups are often related to integration of first or second generation immigrants with differences in education, skills and social networks in focus. Correspondence studies have documented the prevalence of ethnic and racial discrimination in hiring. Studies of policies to mitigate discrimination by excluding information about applicants’ race or ethnicity show these may have unintended consequences.
Read the chapter here