Mer än bara MOOC:s – hur onlineutbildning påverkar den amerikanska universitetssektorn

PublikationRapporter
Chalmers, Christian Sandström, Evelina Stadin, Företagandets villkor, Högre utbildning, Högskola, Kompetens för tillväxt, Onlineutbildning, Universitet, USA
Mer än bara MOOCs – hur onlineutbildning påverkar den amerikanska universitetssektorn
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Sammanfattning

Studien utreder hur introduktionen av digital teknik har påverkat amerikansk högre utbildning. Baserat på primärdata och tillgång till material från flera av de ledande aktörerna inom online-utbildning i USA dras slutsatser som appliceras i ett svenskt sammanhang.

Rapporten visar att ny teknik skapar en rad möjligheter som Sverige kan ha nytta av. Det vore därför fel att låta digitaliseringens inverkan på utbildningssystemet reduceras till att enbart handla om MOOC:s. Förvisso har MOOC:s en viktig roll och fenomenet har vuxit under de senaste åren. Resultaten pekar dock på att någonting mer fundamentalt kan vara på väg att förändras inom den högre utbildningen.

Sandström, C., Stadin E., Tellstedt, T. & Lavenius, K. (2015). Mer än bara MOOC:s – hur onlineutbildning påverkar den amerikanska universitetssektorn. Kompetens för tillväxt, rapport nr 16. Stockholm: Ratio.


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This chapter integrates findings from several different case studies on mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs) and makes use of the existing literature to briefly describe three other missions: The War on Cancer, homeownership in the United States, and the Swedish Million Program. Together with the analyses in the other chapters of this volume, seven takeaways regarding mission-oriented innovation policies are developed and described: (1) wicked problems cannot be solved through missions, (2) politicians and government agencies are not exempt from self-interest, (3) MOIPs are subject to rent seeking and mission capture, (4) policymakers lack information to design MOIPs efficiently, (5) MOIPs distort competition, (6) government support programs distort incentives and result in moral hazard, and (7) MOIPs ignore opportunity costs. These seven takeaways are illustrated using the cases described in this chapter and elsewhere in this volume.

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While considerable efforts have been made to conceptualize and outline the theoretical and normative logic of mission-oriented innovation policies and the role of the entrepreneurial state, there is a stark lack of empirical studies concerning how missions are designed and executed, and when they may work or do not. This monograph reviews theoretical rationales for mission-oriented innovation policy and provides an empirical overview of 30 articles which together cover 51 concluded or ongoing missions from around the world. We synthetize varieties of mission formulations, actors involved, and analyze characteristics of missions described as more or less failed or successful. Among the projects analyzed, many do not fulfill common definitions of “innovation missions.” Missions related to technological or agricultural innovations seem more often successful than broader types of missions aimed at social or ecological challenges, and challenges in the governance and evaluation of missions remain unresolved in the literature. None of the mission cases contain a cost-benefit analysis or takes opportunity cost into consideration.

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