Migration och företagens internationalisering – en kunskapsöversikt

PublikationRapporter

Andreas Hatzigeorgiou, Företagandets villkor, Internationalisering, Magnus Lodefalk, Migration, Utrikeshandel

Sammanfattning

Andreas Hatzigeorgiou, forskare vid Ratio samt chefekonom vid Stockholms Handelskammare och Magnus Lodefalk, forskare vid Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet har författat rapporten Migration och företagens internationalisering – en kunskapsöversikt för Delegationen för migrationsstudier (Delmi).

Utdrag: Forskningen på området tyder på att migranter sätter avtryck genom sin kunskap om utlandsmarknader och sina kontakter och nätverk. En procents ökning av antalet migranter är sammankopplad med 0,1–0,2 procents mer utrikeshandel i genomsnitt – ett ingalunda betydelselöst ekonomiskt värde. Kopplingen till utländska direktinvesteringar är ännu starkare.1 Undersökningar tyder på att företag ökar sin export med 1–3 procent för varje ytterligare utlandsfödd person som anställs. Om företag främst handlar med komplexa produkter kan exporten öka mer än så. Migranter tycks vara särskilt förknippade med tjänstehandel och offshoring. Handeln främjas mer om deras ursprungsländer kännetecknas av låg ekonomisk utveckling, har en annorlunda kultur eller lider av svaga institutioner. Utbildade migranter främjar handeln allra mest.

Hatzigeorgiou, A. & Lodefalk, M. (2015). Migration och företagens internationalisering – en kunskapsöversikt. Delmi 2015:4.

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Publiceringsår

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Publicerat i

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Sammanfattning

We use individual survey data providing detailed information on stress, technology adoption, and work, worker, and employer characteristics, in combination with recent measures of AI and robot exposure, to investigate how new technologies affect worker stress. We find a persistent negative relationship, suggesting that AI and robots could reduce the stress level of workers. We furthermore provide evidence on potential mechanisms to explain our findings. Overall, the results provide suggestive evidence of modern technologies changing the way we perform our work in a way that reduces stress and work pressure.

Immigrant employment and the contract enforcement costs of offshoring

Artikel (med peer review)Publikation

Hatzigeorgiou, A., Karpaty, P., Kneller, R., & Lodefalk, M.

Publiceringsår

2024

Publicerat i

Review of World Economics, 1-29.

Sammanfattning

Offshoring continues to be an important dimension of firms’ internationalization choices. However, offshoring also increases contract enforcement costs by inhibiting the coordination and monitoring of performance. Immigrant employees may reduce such costs through their specific knowledge of the employer, their country of birth and access to foreign networks. In this paper, we investigate the role of immigrant employees within firms on firm offshoring, employing rich administrative Swedish microlevel data that include specific information about the characteristics of employees, manufacturing firms and their bilateral offshoring. Our results support the hypothesis that immigrant employees increase offshoring by lowering contract enforcement costs. Hiring one additional immigrant employee is linked to a relatively larger increase in offshoring at the intensive than the extensive margin, on average. The association to offshoring is considerably stronger for skilled immigrant employees and for contract and R&D intensive offshoring. Instrumental variable estimations demonstrate qualitatively similar results, while a placebo test with randomized immigrant employment does not generate any link between immigrants and offshoring.

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