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PublikationRapporter

Migration och företagens internationalisering – en kunskapsöversikt

Sammanfattning

Andreas Hatzigeorgiou, forskare vid Ratio samt chefekonom vid Stockholms Handelskammare och Magnus Lodefalk, forskare vid Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet har författat rapporten Migration och företagens internationalisering – en kunskapsöversikt för Delegationen för migrationsstudier (Delmi).

Utdrag: Forskningen på området tyder på att migranter sätter avtryck genom sin kunskap om utlandsmarknader och sina kontakter och nätverk. En procents ökning av antalet migranter är sammankopplad med 0,1–0,2 procents mer utrikeshandel i genomsnitt – ett ingalunda betydelselöst ekonomiskt värde. Kopplingen till utländska direktinvesteringar är ännu starkare.1 Undersökningar tyder på att företag ökar sin export med 1–3 procent för varje ytterligare utlandsfödd person som anställs. Om företag främst handlar med komplexa produkter kan exporten öka mer än så. Migranter tycks vara särskilt förknippade med tjänstehandel och offshoring. Handeln främjas mer om deras ursprungsländer kännetecknas av låg ekonomisk utveckling, har en annorlunda kultur eller lider av svaga institutioner. Utbildade migranter främjar handeln allra mest.

Hatzigeorgiou, A. & Lodefalk, M. (2015). Migration och företagens internationalisering – en kunskapsöversikt. Delmi 2015:4.

Detaljer

Författare
Hatzigeorgiou, A. & Lodefalk, M.
Publiceringsår
2015
Publicerat i

Delmi Rapport 2015:4

Relaterat

  • Nyhetsartikel

    Andreas Hatzigeorgiou aktuell med ny Delmirapport om migration

    ”Invandringen ökar Sveriges export och gynnar tillväxten” – DN debatt – Att bara se invandringens kostnader ger en missvisande bild. Migration leder till ökad internationalisering och kan därför bidra till fler jobb och ökad tillväxt,...

    Publicerat 1 september 2015
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Liknande innehåll

Working paper

Who Adopts AI? Evidence on Firms, Technologies and Workers

Pulito, G., Pytlikova, M., Schroeder, S. & Lodefalk, M.

Publiceringsår

2026

Publicerat i

GLO Discussion Paper

Sammanfattning

Using two waves of nationally representative Danish firm surveys linked to employer–employee administrative registers, we study how adoption varies across artificial intelligence (AI) and related advanced technologies. We show that AI adoption is highly technology-specific. While firm size and digital infrastructure predict adoption broadly, workforce composition operates through distinct channels: STEM-educated workforces predict core AI adoption, whereas non-STEM university-educated workforces are associated with generative AI adoption, indicating different human capital complementarities. The factors associated with adoption differ from those predicting deployment breadth: firm size and digital maturity matter for both, whereas workforce composition primarily predicts adoption alone. Machine learning and natural language processing are deployed across multiple business functions, whereas other advanced technologies remain concentrated in specific operational domains. Individual-level evidence provides a foundation for these patterns, with awareness of workplace AI usage concentrated among managers and high-skilled workers. Self-reported AI knowledge is higher among younger and more educated individuals. Finally, commonly used occupational AI exposure measures vary substantially in their ability to predict observed adoption, with benchmark-based measures outperforming patent-based and large-language-model-focused alternatives. These findings show that treating AI as a monolithic category obscures economically meaningful variation in who adopts, what they deploy, and how well existing measures capture it.

Rapporter

Who is afraid of AI? Who should be?

Engberg, E., Görg, H., Hellsten, M., Javed, F., Lodefalk, M., Längkvist, M., & ..

Publiceringsår

2026

Publicerat i

Kiel Policy Brief, 2026.

Sammanfattning

  • Occupations that are highly cognitive, non-physical, and low in social interaction — typically higher-skill white-collar roles such as data analysts, software developers, and translators — turn out to be highly AI-exposed
  • Occupations requiring manual dexterity or intensive interpersonal contact — such as construction labourers or nursing aides — remain among the least exposed to current AI technologies
  • Aggregate occupational exposure to AI has risen markedly since 2010, with especially rapid gains in the late 2010s and early 2020s
  • Our baseline estimates show no detectable effect of AI exposure on total firm employment, while it is associated with clear skill upgrading
    1. Engberg, E., Görg, H., Hellsten, M., Javed, F., Lodefalk, M., Längkvist, M., & .. (2026). Who is afraid of AI? Who should be?. Kiel Policy Brief, 2026.
    Working paper

    Ratio Working Paper No. 388: Same Storm, Different Boats: Generative AI and the Age Gradient in Hiring

    Lodefalk, M., Löthman, L., Koch, M., & Engberg, E.

    Publiceringsår

    2026

    Publicerat i

    Ratio Working Paper Series.

    Sammanfattning

    We show that the age composition of employment within Swedish employers shifts after the arrival of generative AI, with no corresponding reduction in aggregate labour demand. Using 4.6 million job advertisements from Sweden’s largest recruitment platform, we find that the broad decline in postings since 2022 aligns with monetary tightening rather than AI, exploiting Sweden’s seven-month gap between the Riksbank’s first rate hike and the launch of ChatGPT as a timing test. We then use full-population employer–employee register data and an employer-level difference-in-differences design to estimate how AI exposure affects employment composition across six age groups. An event study documents an accelerating decline in employment of 22–25-year-olds in high-AI-exposure occupations, reaching 5.5 per cent by early 2025 relative to less exposed occupations within the same employers, while employment of workers over 50 rose by 1.3 per cent. The widening age gradient suggests that generative AI reshapes hiring composition rather than aggregate demand, with the adjustment burden falling disproportionately on entry-level workers.

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