Ratio Working Paper No. 336 An Austrian economic perspective on failed Chinese wind power development

Sammanfattning

China is currently hailed as the world’s premier wind power producer. However, despite twice the installed wind power capacity compared to the United States in 2015, the Chinese installed capacity produces less power. Grid connectivity is remarkably low, Chinese firms have few international granted patents, and export is minimal even though production capacity far exceeds the domestic production needs. Using the tools of Austrian economics, failures in China’s wind power development from 1980-2016 is documented and analysed. From a theoretical standpoint, both a planning problem and an entrepreneurial problem is evident where governmental policies create misallocation of resources and a hampering of technological development.

Ratio Working Paper No. 364: Invention and Diffusion in the Solar Power Sector

Working paperPublikation

Grafström, J., & Poudineh, R.

Ladda ner

Publiceringsår

2023

Publicerat i

Ratio Working Paper Series

Sammanfattning

There is an increasing interest in policies that promote invention and diffusion in solar energy technologies. In this paper the question of how does support policies affect inventions and diffusion of solar PV technology and is the effect heterogeneous and counteracting is investigated. The policies investigated are Feed-in-tariffs, Public R&D stock and flow, Environmental tax, and Environmental Policy Stringency Index. A Schumpeterian technological development approach is utilized on a panel dataset covering 23 European countries between 2000 and 2019. Two econometric approaches are employed, a negative binomial regression model is used to assess inventions and a panel data fixed effect regression is used for the diffusion model. The empirical findings suggest that FITs, Public R&D stock and flow, Environmental tax and Environmental Policy Stringency Index have no statistically significant negative effect on either inventions or diffusion. In most cases for invention the policies had a statistically significant positive effect. Policy crowding out does not seem to have been present.

Government support to renewable energy R&D: drivers and strategic interactions among EU Member States

Artikel (med peer review)Publikation

Grafström, J., Söderholm, P., Gawel, E., Lehmann, P., & Strunz, S.

Publiceringsår

2023

Publicerat i

Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 32(1), 1-24.

Sammanfattning

Although the climate challenge requires proactive policies that spur innovation in the renewable energy sector, various countries commit vastly different levels of support for renewable energy R&D. This paper addresses the question why this may be the case. Specifically, the objective is to analyse the determinants of government support to renewable energy R&D in the European Union (EU), and, in doing this, we devote particular attention to the question of whether the level of this support tends to converge or diverge across EU Member States. The investigation relies on a data set of 12 EU Member States and a bias-corrected dynamic panel data estimator. We test for the presence of conditional β-convergence, and the impacts of energy dependence and electricity regulation on government R&D efforts. The findings display divergence in terms of government support to renewable energy R&D, and this result is robust across various model specifications and key assumptions. The analysis also indicates that countries with a low energy-import dependence and deregulated electricity markets tend to experience lower growth rates in government renewable energy R&D. The paper ends by discussing some implications of the results, primarily from an EU perspective.

The article can be accessed here.

Det gröna teknikundret.

BokkapitelPublikation

Grafström, J.

Publiceringsår

2022

Publicerat i

Gustafsson, E. (Red.). Grön Kapitalism. Timbro.

Sammanfattning

Är kapitalismen en orsak till klimat- och miljö- problemen? Eller kan fria marknader tvärtom vara en del av lösningen? Klimatförändringar och miljöförstöring hör till vår tids ödesfrågor. Men vilken roll spelar egentligen staten och kapitalet i klimatomställningen? På vilket sätt kan äganderätt rädda haven? Hur kan genmodifierade grödor öka vår motståndskraft mot klimatförändringar? Och hur kommer det sig att frihandel kan vara grönare än närproducerat?

I Grön kapitalism besvaras dessa och många andra frågor av några av Sveriges främsta opinionsbildare, näringslivsföreträdare och forskare. Tillsammans visar de hur innovation, teknik, fria marknader och träff säker politik kan minska såväl klimatutsläpp som annan miljöförstöring – utan att mänsklighetens framsteg hindras. Med texter av Joakim Broman, Runar Brännlund, Jonas Grafström, Ellen Gustafsson, Edvard Hollertz, Payam Moula, PM Nilsson, Johan Norberg, Maria Sunér och Mattias Svensson.

Du hittar boken här.

Working Paper No. 336

Sammanfattning

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